Npn-plant

American basswood (Tilia americana)

  • When to observe: Year-round
  • What to observe: Flowers, Fruits, and Leaves
  • Where to observe:
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American basswood is a USA-NPN regional plant species. Regional species are ecologically or economically important and are distributed more locally than calibration species. The NPN integrates these observations to better understand plant responses within the different geographic regions of the nation. In addition, this species is an allergen. Observations on its phenology will provide valuable information to benefit people with allergies and the public health community.
American basswood is a large, deciduous tree growing 40 to 130 feet tall. Its small, greenish-white to creamy white to yellow flowers are grouped into loose, fragrant, pendulous clusters, each flower having both male and female parts. Flowering begins when the plants reach maturity at approximately 15 years of age, rarely as early as 8 years. The flowers are pollinated by insects. American basswood grows on rich, moderately moist sites found in coves, lower and mid-slopes, and river bottoms, but sometimes in swamps and on dry, exposed rock ridges. It tends to grow on loamy soils but can be found on deep, well-drained coarser soils and sand dunes. It is moderately tolerant of shade.
You should observe...
Here are the phenophases you should observe about this plant.
Leaves Breaking leaf buds

One or more breaking leaf buds are visible on the plant. A leaf bud is considered "breaking" once a green leaf tip is visible at the end of the bud, but before the first leaf from the bud has unfolded to expose the leaf stalk (petiole) or leaf base.
Leaves

One or more live unfolded leaves are visible on the plant. A leaf is considered "unfolded" once the leaf stalk (petiole) or leaf base is visible. New small leaves may need to be bent backwards to see whether the leaf stalk or leaf base is visible. Do not include dried or dead leaves.
Increasing leaf size

A majority of leaves on the plant have not yet reached their full size and are still growing larger. Do not include new leaves that continue to emerge at the ends of elongating stems throughout the growing season.

Colored leaves

One or more leaves (including any that have recently fallen from the plant) have turned to their late-season colors.
Falling leaves

One or more leaves are falling or have recently fallen from the plant.
Flowers Flowers

One or more fresh flowers or flower heads (inflorescences) are visible on the plant. Flower heads include many small flowers that usually do not open all at once. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant, or heads whose flowers have all wilted or dried.
Open flowers

One or more open fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between unfolded or open flower parts. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant.

Pollen release

One or more flowers on the plant release pollen when gently shaken or blown.
Fruits Fruits

One or more fresh fruits are visible on the plant.
Ripe fruits

One or more ripe fruits are visible on the plant.

Recent fruit drop

One or more fresh mature fruits or seeds have dropped or been removed from the plant since your last visit. Do not include obviously immature fruits that have dropped before ripening, such as in a heavy rain or wind.
If drought seems to be the cause of leaf color or fall for a plant, please make a comment about it for that observation.
Tilia americana has been used for pulp, wooden ware, inexpensive furniture, carriage panels, and shoe soles; in parts of its range it is also known for the choice honey produced from its nectar. Native Americans used the fibrous inner bark to make ropes, mats, fishing nets, and baskets.

Gardens with this plant

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